Signatures of Einstein-Maxwell dilaton-axion gravity from the observed jet power and the radiative efficiency

TL;DR

This paper investigates how signatures of Einstein-Maxwell dilaton-axion gravity, specifically through jet power and radiative efficiency, can be detected in astrophysical observations, testing deviations from general relativity near black holes.

Contribution

It provides a novel analysis comparing Kerr-Sen black holes in EMDA gravity with Kerr black holes using observational data on jet power and accretion disk emission.

Findings

Kerr black holes are more consistent with observed jet power.

Kerr black holes better match the radiative efficiency data.

Dilaton charge effects are less favored by current observations.

Abstract

The Einstein-Maxwell dilaton-axion (EMDA) gravity arises in the low energy effective action of the heterotic string theory and provides a simple framework to explore the signatures of the same. The dilaton and the axion fields inherited in the action from string compactifications have interesting consequences in inflationary cosmology and in explaining the present accelerated expansion of the universe. It is therefore worthwhile to search for the footprints of these fields in the available astrophysical observations. Since Einstein gravity is expected to receive quantum corrections in the high curvature domain, the near horizon regime of black holes seems to be the ideal astrophysical laboratory to test these deviations from general relativity. Exact, stationary and axisymmetric black hole solution in EMDA gravity corresponds to the Kerr-Sen spacetime which carries dilaton charge, while the angular momentum is sourced by the axion field. The ballistic jets and the peak emission of the continuum spectrum from the accretion disk are believed to be launched very close to the event horizon and hence should bear the imprints of the background spacetime. We compute the jet power and the radiative efficiency derived from the continuum spectrum in the Kerr-Sen background and compare them with the corresponding observations of microquasars. Our analysis reveals that Kerr black holes are more favored compared to Kerr-Sen black holes with dilaton charges.