Photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver for multiple users
Lingwen Kong, Zhihao Li, Congxiu Li, Lin Cao, Zeyu Xing, Junqin Cao,, Yaxin Wang, Xinlun Cai, and Xiaoqi Zhou

TL;DR
This paper presents a photonic integrated quantum key distribution receiver chip that multiplexes multiple users using a single set of single-photon detectors, reducing costs and demonstrating practical multi-user quantum communication.
Contribution
The authors designed and fabricated a multi-user QKD receiver chip utilizing time-division multiplexing to support four users with a single SPD set, advancing integrated quantum communication technology.
Findings
Supports up to four users with a single SPD set
Achieves an average secret key rate of 13.68 kbps for four users
Maintains a low QBER of 0.51% over 20 km simulated fiber distance
Abstract
Integrated photonics has the advantages of miniaturization, low cost, and CMOS compatibility, and it provides a stable, highly integrated, and practical platform for quantum key distribution (QKD). While photonic integration of optical components has greatly reduced the overall cost of QKD systems, single-photon detectors (SPDs) have become the most expensive part of a practical QKD system. In order to circumvent this obstacle and make full use of SPDs, we have designed and fabricated a QKD receiver chip for multiple users. Our chip is based on a time-division multiplexing technique and makes use of a single set of SPDs to support up to four users' QKD. Our proof-of-principle chip-based QKD system is capable of producing an average secret key rate of 13.68 kbps for four users with a quantum bit error rate (QBER) as low as 0.51% over a simulated distance of 20 km in fiber. Our result…
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