Hier-SPCNet: A Legal Statute Hierarchy-based Heterogeneous Network for Computing Legal Case Document Similarity

TL;DR

This paper introduces Hier-SPCNet, a heterogeneous network that incorporates legal statute hierarchies with case citation networks to improve legal document similarity estimation, outperforming existing methods.

Contribution

It proposes augmenting precedent citation networks with legal statute hierarchies to enhance similarity measurement in legal IR tasks.

Findings

Hier-SPCNet significantly outperforms PCNet in similarity estimation.

Combining network-based and text-based measures yields better results.

Legal statute hierarchies provide valuable context for legal document comparison.

Abstract

Computing similarity between two legal case documents is an important and challenging task in Legal IR, for which text-based and network-based measures have been proposed in literature. All prior network-based similarity methods considered a precedent citation network among case documents only (PCNet). However, this approach misses an important source of legal knowledge -- the hierarchy of legal statutes that are applicable in a given legal jurisdiction (e.g., country). We propose to augment the PCNet with the hierarchy of legal statutes, to form a heterogeneous network Hier-SPCNet, having citation links between case documents and statutes, as well as citation and hierarchy links among the statutes. Experiments over a set of Indian Supreme Court case documents show that our proposed heterogeneous network enables significantly better document similarity estimation, as compared to existing approaches using PCNet. We also show that the proposed network-based method can complement text-based measures for better estimation of legal document similarity.