Direct detection of vector dark matter through electromagnetic multipoles

TL;DR

This paper explores how vector dark matter particles might interact electromagnetically via multipole moments, proposing a model with gauge bosons and heavy fermions that could produce detectable signals in direct detection experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed calculation of electromagnetic multipole interactions of vector dark matter and proposes a specific gauge model with heavy fermions inducing observable effects.

Findings

Derived upper limits on dark matter-nucleus interactions from experiments.

Calculated differential scattering cross-sections for vector dark matter.

Presented a gauge model with loop-induced electromagnetic moments.

Abstract

Dark matter particles, even if they are electrically neutral, could interact with the Standard Model particles via their electromagnetic multipole moments. In this paper, we focus on the electromagnetic properties of the complex vector dark matter candidate, which can be described by means of seven form factors. We calculate the differential scattering cross-section with nuclei due to the interactions of the dark matter and nuclear multipole moments, and we derive upper limits on the former from the non-observation of dark matter signals in direct detection experiments. We also present a model where the dark matter particle is a gauge boson of a dark $SU(2)$ symmetry, and which contains heavy new fermions, charged both under the dark $SU(2)$ symmetry and under the electromagnetic $U(1)$ symmetry. The new fermions induce at the one loop level electromagnetic multipole moments, which could lead to detectable signals in direct detection experiments.