Triaxially-deformed Freely-precessing Neutron Stars: Continuous electromagnetic and gravitational radiation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the continuous gravitational and electromagnetic signals from triaxially deformed, freely precessing neutron stars, providing detailed models to aid future multimessenger observations and insights into neutron star internal structures.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive analytical and numerical analysis of free precession in triaxially deformed neutron stars, extending previous work and deriving observable signals.

Findings

Derived explicit models for continuous GWs from precessing NSs

Analyzed timing residuals in time and frequency domains

Prepared results for future multimessenger observations

Abstract

The shape of a neutron star (NS) is closely linked to its internal structure and the equation of state of supranuclear matters. A rapidly rotating, asymmetric NS in the Milky Way undergoes free precession, making it a potential source for multimessenger observation. The free precession could manifest in (i) the spectra of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) in the kilohertz band for ground-based GW detectors, and (ii) the timing behavior and pulse-profile characteristics if the NS is monitored as a pulsar with radio and/or X-ray telescopes. We extend previous work and investigate in great detail the free precession of a triaxially deformed NS with analytical and numerical approaches. In particular, its associated continuous GWs and pulse signals are derived. Explicit examples are illustrated for the continuous GWs, as well as timing residuals in both time and frequency domains. These results are ready to be used for future multimessenger observation of triaxially-deformed freely-precessing NSs, in order to extract scientific implication as much as possible.