Coherence of an extended central spin model with a coupled spin bath

TL;DR

This paper provides an exact solution to an extended central spin model with a coupled spin bath, revealing how antiferromagnetic interactions and magnetic fields influence coherence and decoherence phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a method to solve the extended model exactly and analyzes the effects of bath interactions and external fields on central spin coherence.

Findings

Antiferromagnetic bath interactions enhance central spin coherence.

Decoherence is suppressed at the critical magnetic field point.

Dephasing occurs with unpolarized initial central spin.

Abstract

We study an extended central spin model with an isotropic nearest-neighbour spin-exchange interaction among the bath spins. The system is controllable by external magnetic fields applied on the central spin and the bath, respectively. We construct a basis set of the Hilbert space and express the Hamiltonian of the extended model into a series of $2\times2$ block matrices to obtain the exact solution of the model successfully. Therefrom, the coherence and the spin polarization of the central spin are investigated. We find that if the couplings among the bath spins are antiferromagnetic, the central spin has good coherence and polarization at low temperatures. Moreover, the decoherence is greatly suppressed at the critical point where the strengthes of the central and the bath magnetic field take the same value. A dephasing phenomenon is identified when the initial state of the central spin is unpolarized.