FPnew: An Open-Source Multi-Format Floating-Point Unit Architecture for Energy-Proportional Transprecision Computing

TL;DR

FPnew is an open-source, highly configurable transprecision floating-point unit supporting multiple formats, significantly improving energy efficiency and performance in RISC-V processors for mixed-precision applications.

Contribution

We introduce FPnew, a flexible open-source TP-FPU supporting diverse FP formats and extended ISA, demonstrating substantial energy and performance benefits in RISC-V cores.

Findings

Speedup of 1.67x over FP32 baseline in 32-bit core

37% reduction in system energy consumption

Leading energy efficiency up to 2.95 Tflop/sW in 64-bit core

Abstract

The slowdown of Moore's law and the power wall necessitates a shift towards finely tunable precision (a.k.a. transprecision) computing to reduce energy footprint. Hence, we need circuits capable of performing floating-point operations on a wide range of precisions with high energy-proportionality. We present FPnew, a highly configurable open-source transprecision floating-point unit (TP-FPU) capable of supporting a wide range of standard and custom FP formats. To demonstrate the flexibility and efficiency of FPnew in general-purpose processor architectures, we extend the RISC-V ISA with operations on half-precision, bfloat16, and an 8bit FP format, as well as SIMD vectors and multi-format operations. Integrated into a 32-bit RISC-V core, our TP-FPU can speed up execution of mixed-precision applications by 1.67x w.r.t. an FP32 baseline, while maintaining end-to-end precision and reducing system energy by 37%. We also integrate FPnew into a 64-bit RISC-V core, supporting five FP formats on scalars or 2, 4, or 8-way SIMD vectors. For this core, we measured the silicon manufactured in Globalfoundries 22FDX technology across a wide voltage range from 0.45V to 1.2V. The unit achieves leading-edge measured energy efficiencies between 178 Gflop/sW (on FP64) and 2.95 Tflop/sW (on 8-bit mini-floats), and a performance between 3.2 Gflop/s and 25.3 Gflop/s.