The Supernova Remnant Population of NGC6946 as Observed in [Fe II] 1.644 $\mu$m with HST

TL;DR

This study uses [Fe II] 1.644 μm emission observed with HST to identify supernova remnants in NGC6946, revealing many new candidates and demonstrating the effectiveness of IR diagnostics over traditional optical methods.

Contribution

Introduces [Fe II] 1.644 μm emission as a new diagnostic for supernova remnants, significantly expanding the known remnant population in NGC6946 and highlighting the potential for IR-based searches.

Findings

Identified 132 [Fe II] nebulae as likely supernova remnants.

Discovered 78 new supernova remnant candidates not previously known.

Found 14 overlaps with radio supernova remnant candidates.

Abstract

NGC6946 is a high star formation rate face-on spiral galaxy that has hosted ten supernovae since 1917. Not surprisingly, a large number of supernova remnants and candidates have been identified either as optical nebulae with high [S II]:H$\alpha$ line ratios (147) or as compact non-thermal radio sources (35). However, there are only seven overlaps between these two samples. Here, we apply [Fe II] 1.644 $\mu$m emission as a new diagnostic to search for supernova remnants in an attempt to resolve this discrepancy. [Fe II] is expected to be relatively strong in the radiative shocks of supernova remnants and almost absent in HII regions. It is less susceptible to the effects of absorption along the line of sight than the optical lines normally used to identify remnants. Using data from the WFC3 camera on HST}, we identify 132 [Fe II] emission nebulae in NGC6946 as likely supernova remnants. Of these, 54 align with previously known optical supernova remnants. The remaining 78 objects are new; of these 44 are visible in new HST imagery in H$\alpha$ and [S II]. This brings the total number of supernova remnant candidates (from optical and/or IR data) in NGC6946 to 225. A total of 14 coincidences with radio supernova remnant candidates (out of 30 in our search area) are found in this expanded list. The identification of so many new remnant candidates validates the use of [Fe II] imagery for finding remnants, and suggests that previous remnant searches in other galaxies may be far from complete.