AstroSat and MAXI view of the Black Hole binary 4U 1630-472 during 2016 and 2018 Outbursts

TL;DR

This study analyzes the spectral and timing behavior of the black hole binary 4U 1630-472 during 2016 and 2018 outbursts using AstroSat and MAXI data, revealing state transitions, accretion dynamics, and estimating the black hole's mass.

Contribution

It provides a detailed spectral and timing analysis of 4U 1630-472 during two outbursts, including state classification and black hole mass estimation, using combined AstroSat and MAXI observations.

Findings

Source follows a 'c'-shaped HID profile.

Black hole mass estimated as 3-9 solar masses.

No QPOs detected despite state evolution.

Abstract

We present an in-depth spectral and timing analysis of the Black Hole binary 4U 1630-472 during 2016 and 2018 outbursts as observed by \textit{AstroSat} and \textit{MAXI}. The extensive coverage of the outbursts with \textit{MAXI} is used to obtain the Hardness Intensity Diagram (HID). The source follows a `c'-shaped profile in agreement with earlier findings. Based on the HIDs of previous outbursts, we attempt to track the evolution of the source during a `super'-outburst and `mini'-outbursts. We model the broadband energy spectra ($0.7-20.0$ keV) of \textit{AstroSat} observations of both outbursts using phenomenological and physical models. No Keplerian disc signature is observed at the beginning of 2016 outburst. However, the disc appears within a few hours after which it remains prominent with temperature ($T_{in}$) $\sim$ 1.3 keV and increase in photon index ($\Gamma$) from 1.8 to 2.0, whereas the source was at a disc dominant state throughout the \textit{AstroSat} campaign of 2018 outburst. Based on the HIDs and spectral properties, we classify the outbursts into three different states - the `canonical' hard and soft states along with an intermediate state. Evolution of rms along different states is seen although no Quasi-periodic Oscillations (QPOs) are detected. We fit the observed spectra using a dynamical accretion model and estimate the accretion parameters. Mass of the black hole is estimated using inner disc radius, bolometric luminosity and two component flow model to be $3-9$ $M_{\odot}$. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of our findings.