Algebraic constructions of complete $m$-arcs

TL;DR

This paper constructs the smallest known complete $m$-arcs in projective planes over finite fields for large $q$, using Galois theory to transfer geometric properties to arithmetic conditions.

Contribution

It provides explicit constructions of minimal complete $m$-arcs for any $m \, \geq \, 8$ when $q$ is large, advancing finite geometry knowledge.

Findings

Constructed smallest $m$-arcs for large $q$

Arc size minus $q$ tends to negative infinity as $q$ grows

Developed Galois theoretical tools for arc analysis

Abstract

Let $m$ be a positive integer, $q$ be a prime power, and $\mathrm{PG}(2,q)$ be the projective plane over the finite field $\mathbb F_q$. Finding complete $m$-arcs in $\mathrm{PG}(2,q)$ of size less than $q$ is a classical problem in finite geometry. In this paper we give a complete answer to this problem when $q$ is relatively large compared with $m$, explicitly constructing the smallest $m$-arcs in the literature so far for any $m\geq 8$. For any fixed $m$, our arcs $\mathcal A_{q,m}$ satisfy $|\mathcal A_{q,m}|-q\rightarrow -\infty$ as $q$ grows. To produce such $m$-arcs, we develop a Galois theoretical machinery that allows the transfer of geometric information of points external to the arc, to arithmetic one, which in turn allows to prove the $m$-completeness of the arc.