Quantum Entanglement and Spectral Form Factor

TL;DR

This paper explores the connection between quantum entanglement and quantum chaos by analyzing spectral form factors, level spacing, and entanglement measures in random qubit models and conformal field theories, revealing universal behaviors and new analytical techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach linking quantum entanglement with spectral form factors and extends the analysis to quantum field theories using a new technique involving n-sheet manifolds.

Findings

Bell's inequality violation correlates with entanglement entropy.

Level spacing distribution approaches GUE at late times.

Spectral form factor analysis applies to CFT$_2$ and super Yang-Mills theories.

Abstract

We replace a Hamiltonian with a modular Hamiltonian in the spectral form factor and the level spacing distribution function. This study establishes a connection between quantities within Quantum Entanglement and Quantum Chaos. To have a universal study for Quantum Entanglement, we consider the Gaussian random 2-qubit model. The maximum violation of Bell's inequality demonstrates a positive correlation with the entanglement entropy. Thus, the violation plays an equivalent role as Quantum Entanglement. We first provide an analytical estimation of the relation between quantum entanglement quantities and the dip when a subregion only has one qubit. The time of the first dip is monotone for entanglement entropy. The dynamics in a subregion is independent of the initial state at a late time. It is one of the signaling conditions for classical chaos. We also extend our analysis to the Gaussian random 3-qubit state, and it indicates a similar result. The simulation shows that the level spacing distribution function approaches GUE at a late time. In the end, we develop a technique within QFT to the spectral form factor for its relation to an $n$-sheet manifold. We apply the technology to a single interval in CFT$_2$ and the spherical entangling surface in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. The result is one for both cases, but the R\'enyi entropy can depend on the R\'enyi index. For the case of CFT$_2$, it indicates the difference between the continuum and discrete spectrum.