Energy scan/dependence of kinetic freeze-out scenarios of multi-strange and other identified particles in central nucleus-nucleus collisions

TL;DR

This study analyzes how the kinetic freeze-out temperature and flow velocity of various particles in nucleus-nucleus collisions depend on collision energy, revealing saturation trends and possible phase transition onset energies.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive energy-dependent analysis of freeze-out parameters for multiple particle species using blast-wave fits with Tsallis statistics.

Findings

Freeze-out parameters increase with energy and saturate at BES energies.

Onset of deconfinement phase transition estimated at 7.7 GeV and 39 GeV.

Multiple freeze-out scenarios observed for different particles.

Abstract

The transverse momentum (mass) spectra of the multi-strange and non-multi-strange (i.e. other identified) particles in central gold-gold (Au-Au), lead-lead (Pb-Pb), argon-muriate (Ar-KCl) and nickel-nickel (Ni-Ni) collisions over a wide energy range have been studied in this work. The experimental data measured by various collaborations have been analyzed. The blast-wave fit with Tsallis statistics is used to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity from the experimental data of transverse momentum (mass) spectra. The extracted parameters increase with the increase of collision energy and appear with the trend of saturation at the Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This saturation implies that the onset energy of phase transition of partial deconfinement is 7.7 GeV and that of whole deconfinement is 39 GeV. Furthermore, the energy scan/dependence of kinetic freeze-out scenarios are observed for the multi-strange and other identified particles, though the multiple freeze-out scenarios are also observed for various particles.