Multifractal Dynamics of the QREM

TL;DR

This study investigates the dynamics of population transfer in the Quantum Random Energy Model, revealing phase-dependent behaviors and potential quantum algorithm advantages, with implications for NISQ device applications.

Contribution

It provides a numerical analysis of population transfer dynamics in QREM, identifying phase transitions and evaluating the protocol's effectiveness as a quantum algorithm.

Findings

Population transfer saturation scales with system volume, revealing three dynamical phases.

Near the Anderson transition, population transfer is most effective.

Limited speedup observed compared to random search at accessible system sizes.

Abstract

We study numerically the population transfer protocol on the Quantum Random Energy Model and its relation to quantum computing, for system sizes of $n\leq 20$ quantum spins. We focus on the energy matching problem, i.e. finding multiple approximate solutions to a combinatorial optimization problem when a known approximate solution is provided as part of the input. We study the delocalization process induced by the population transfer protocol by observing the saturation of the Shannon entropy of the time-evolved wavefunction as a measure of its spread over the system. The scaling of the value of this entropy at saturation with the volume of the system identifies the three known dynamical phases of the model. In the non-ergodic extended phase, we observe that the time necessary for the population transfer to complete follows a long-tailed distribution. We devise two statistics to quantify how effectively and uniformly the protocol populates the target energy shell. We find that population transfer is most effective if the transverse-field parameter $\Gamma$ is chosen close to the critical point of the Anderson transition of the model. In order to assess the use of population transfer as a quantum algorithm we perform a comparison with random search. We detect a "black box" advantage in favour of PT, but when the running times of population transfer and random search are taken into consideration we do not see strong indications of a speedup at the system sizes that are accessible to our numerical methods. We discuss these results and the impact of population transfer on NISQ devices.