Quadratic Klein-Gordon equations with a potential in one dimension

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel approach using distorted Fourier transform at the nonlinear level to analyze the asymptotic stability of solitons in quadratic Klein-Gordon equations with a potential in one dimension, handling low power nonlinearities and capturing global behavior.

Contribution

It develops a new framework employing distorted Fourier analysis to prove global bounds and stability results for quadratic Klein-Gordon equations, including cases with non-localized solitons.

Findings

Proves global-in-time bounds and decay for small solutions.

Establishes asymptotic stability of kinks in specific models.

Handles quadratic interactions with degeneracies in Fourier space.

Abstract

This paper proposes a fairly general new point of view on the question of asymptotic stability of (topological) solitons. Our approach is based on the use of the distorted Fourier transform at the nonlinear level; it does not rely on Strichartz or virial estimates and is therefore able to treat low power nonlinearities (hence also non-localized solitons) and capture the global (in space and time) behavior of solutions. More specifically, we consider quadratic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with a potential in one space dimension. The potential is assumed to be regular, decaying, and either generic or exceptional (with some additional parity assumptions). Assuming that the associated Schr\"odinger operator has no negative eigenvalues, we obtain global-in-time bounds, including sharp pointwise decay and modified asymptotics, for small solutions. These results have implications for the asymptotic stability of solitons, or topological solitons, for a variety of problems. For instance, we obtain full asymptotic stability of kinks with respect to odd perturbations for the double Sine-Gordon problem (in an appropriate range of the deformation parameter). For the $\phi^4$ problem, we obtain asymptotic stability of the kink (with respect to odd perturbations) when the coupling to the internal mode appearing in the linearization around it is neglected. Our results also go beyond these examples since our approach allows for the presence of a fully coherent phenomenon at the level of quadratic interactions, which creates a degeneracy in distorted Fourier space. We devise a suitable framework that incorporates this, and use multilinear harmonic analysis in the distorted setting to control all nonlinear interactions.