Self-force on moving electric and magnetic dipoles: dipole radiation, Vavilov-\v{C}erenkov radiation, friction with a conducting surface, and the Einstein-Hopf effect

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the electromagnetic self-force on moving dipoles, deriving radiation spectra, exploring Vavilov-erenkov radiation, surface friction effects, and rederiving the Einstein-Hopf effect with new closed-form results.

Contribution

It provides a unified analysis of self-force, radiation, and friction effects on moving dipoles, including new derivations and closed-form spectral distributions.

Findings

Radiation spectrum derived without radiation reaction considerations.

Vavilov-erenkov radiation for superluminal dipole motion in media confirmed.

Closed-form expression for quantum/thermal Einstein-Hopf force obtained.

Abstract

The classical electromagnetic self-force on an arbitrary time-dependent electric or magnetic dipole moving with constant velocity in vacuum, and in a medium, is considered. Of course, in vacuum there is no net force on such a particle. Rather, because of loss of mass by the particle due to radiation, the self-force precisely cancels this inertial effect, and thus the spectral distribution of the energy radiated by dipole radiation is deduced without any consideration of radiation fields or of radiation reaction, in both the nonrelativistic and relativistic regimes. If the particle is moving in a homogeneous medium faster than the speed of light in the medium, Vavilov-\v{C}erenkov radiation results. This is derived for the different polarization states, in agreement with the earlier results of Frank. The friction experienced by a point (time-independent) dipole moving parallel to an imperfectly conducting surface is examined. Finally, the quantum/thermal Einstein-Hopf effect is rederived. We obtain a closed form for the spectral distribution of the force, and demonstrate that, even if the atom and the blackbody background have independent temperatures, the force is indeed a drag in the case that the imaginary part of the polarizability is proportional to a power of the frequency.