An infrared study of the high-mass, multi-stage star-forming region IRAS~12272-6240

TL;DR

This study uses near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy to analyze the complex star-forming region IRAS 12272-6240, revealing a binary system of YSOs, a young embedded cluster, and ongoing massive star formation activity.

Contribution

First detailed near-IR imaging and spectroscopy of IRAS 12272-6240, identifying YSOs, outflows, and the structure of the star-forming complex.

Findings

Identified a binary system of Class I YSOs within the dense clump.

Detected outflows via shocked H₂ emission knots.

Confirmed ongoing massive star formation over 1 million years.

Abstract

IRAS 12272-6240 is a complex star forming region with a compact massive dense clump and several associated masers, located at a well-determined distance of $d=9.3$ kpc from the Sun. For this study, we obtained sub-arcsec broad- and narrow-band near-IR imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy with the Baade/Magellan telescope and its camera PANIC. Mosaics of size $2 \times 2$ square arcmin in the $JHK_s$ bands and with narrow-band filters centred in the 2.12 $\mu$m H$_2$ and 2.17 $\mu$m Br$\gamma$ lines were analysed in combination with HI-GAL/{\sl Herschel} and archive IRAC/{\sl Spitzer} and {\sl WISE} observations. We found that the compact dense clump houses two Class~I YSOs that probably form a 21 kAU-wide binary system. Its combined 1 to 1200 $\mu$m SED is consistent with an O9V central star with a $10^{-2} M_\odot$ disc and a $1.3 \times 10^4 M_\odot$ dust envelope. Its total luminosity is $8.5 \times 10^4 L_\odot$. A series of shocked H$_2$ emission knots are found in its close vicinity, confirming the presence of outflows. IRAS 12272-6240 is at the centre of an embedded cluster with a mean age of 1 Myr and 2.6 pc in size that contains more than 150 stars. At its nucleus, we found a more compact and considerably younger sub-cluster containing the YSOs. We also identified and classified the O-type central stars of two dusty radio/IR HII regions flanking the protostars. Our results confirm that these elements form a single giant young complex where massive star formation processes started some 1 million years ago and is still active.