A lower bound on the maximum mass if the secondary in GW190814 was once a rapidly spinning neutron star

TL;DR

This paper proposes that the secondary in GW190814 could be a rapidly spinning neutron star that collapsed into a black hole, establishing a new lower bound on the maximum mass of nonrotating neutron stars based on universal relations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel lower bound on the maximum mass of nonrotating neutron stars by considering the secondary as a spinning neutron star that may have collapsed before merger.

Findings

Estimated the spin of the secondary as 0.49 to 0.68.

Derived a strict lower bound on the maximum neutron star mass: > 2.08 solar masses.

The bound is consistent with observations of massive pulsars.

Abstract

The recent detection of GW190814 featured the merger of a binary with a primary having a mass of $\sim 23\,M_{\odot}$ and a secondary with a mass of $\sim 2.6\,M_{\odot}$. While the primary was most likely a black hole, the secondary could be interpreted as either the lightest black hole or the most massive neutron star ever observed, but also as the indication of a novel class of exotic compact objects. We here argue that the secondary in GW190814 needs not be an ab-initio black hole nor an exotic object; rather, based on our current understanding of the nuclear-matter equation of state, it can be a rapidly rotating neutron star that collapsed to a rotating black hole at some point before merger. Using universal relations connecting the masses and spins of uniformly rotating neutron stars, we estimate the spin, $0.49 \lesssim \chi \lesssim 0.68$, of the secondary -- a quantity not constrained so far by the detection -- and a novel strict lower bound on the maximum mass, $M_{\rm TOV} > 2.08^{+0.04}_{-0.04}\, \,M_{\odot}$, of nonrotating neutron stars, consistent with recent observations of a very massive pulsar. The new lower bound also remains valid even in the less likely scenario in which the secondary neutron star never collapsed to a black hole.