Hierarchical stock assessment methods improve management performance in multi-species, data-limited fisheries

TL;DR

This study evaluates five stock assessment methods in a multi-species fishery, finding hierarchical models most effective, especially with limited data, and emphasizes the importance of including species interactions for better management outcomes.

Contribution

It introduces and demonstrates the effectiveness of hierarchical multi-species assessment models in multi-species fisheries, especially under data-limited conditions.

Findings

Hierarchical models outperform others in data-poor and data-moderate scenarios.

Hierarchical models are less sensitive to prior assumptions.

Choke effects influence fishing outcomes variably, indicating management mismatches.

Abstract

Management performance of five alternative stock assessment methods was evaluated by using them to set harvest levels targeting multi-species maximum yield in a multi-species flatfish fishery, including single-species and hierarchical multi-species models, and methods that pooled data across species and spatial strata, with catch outcomes of each method under three data scenarios compared to catch under an omniscient manager simulation. Operating models included technical interactions between species intended to produce choke effects often observed in output controlled multi-species fisheries. Hierarchical multi-species models outperformed all other methods under data-poor and data-moderate scenarios, and outperformed single-species models under the data-rich scenario. Hierarchical models were least sensitive to prior precision, sometimes improving in performance when prior precision was reduced. Choke effects were found to both positive and negative effects, sometimes leading to underfishing of non-choke species, but at other times preventing overfishing of non-choke species. We highlight the importance of including technical interactions in multi-species assessment models and management objectives, how choke species can indicate mismatches between management objectives and system dynamics, and recommend hierarchical multi-species models for multi-species fishery management systems.