Gravitational waves from cosmic strings and first-order phase transition

TL;DR

This paper investigates the gravitational wave signals from cosmic strings formed after high-scale first-order phase transitions, highlighting their detectability by future gravitational wave detectors and their potential to probe early universe phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates that gravitational waves from cosmic strings formed after high-temperature phase transitions can be detected, providing a new way to explore early universe physics at scales of 10^8 to 10^{11} GeV.

Findings

Gravitational waves from cosmic strings formed after phase transitions are detectable by future detectors.

Signals can probe phase transitions at temperatures between 10^8 and 10^{11} GeV.

Detection can inform about high-scale early universe events.

Abstract

Cosmic strings and first-order phase transition are two main sources for the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). In this work, we study the stochastic gravitational wave radiation from cosmic string which is formed after the first-order phase transition. For the first-order phase transition occurs at temperature far beyond the electroweak scale, the gravitational wave signal cannot be reached by the future gravitational wave interferometers. The gravitational waves from cosmic strings that formed after the phase transition can be detected by future gravitational wave detectors in a wide range of frequency, and therefore its imprints can serve to search for firs-order phase transitions at high scales with the phase transition temperature: $ \mathcal{O}(10^8)$ GeV $ \leq T_n$ $\leq \mathcal{O}(10^{11})$ GeV.