Universal Taylor series with respect to a prescribed subsequence

TL;DR

This paper investigates universal Taylor series with respect to a prescribed subsequence, establishing conditions under which classes of such functions coincide and exploring their properties for different base points and subsequences.

Contribution

It characterizes when classes of universal Taylor series with respect to a subsequence are equal, based on the growth rate of the subsequence, and extends results to different base points and real series.

Findings

Classes coincide if and only if the subsequence growth rate is bounded.

Equality of universality classes at different points occurs under the same growth condition.

Results apply to real universal Taylor series as well.

Abstract

For a holomorphic function $f$ in the open unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ and $\zeta\in\mathbb{D}$, $S_n(f,\zeta)$ denotes the $n$-th partial sum of the Taylor development of $f$ at $\zeta$. Given an increasing sequence of positive integers $\mu=(\mu_n)$, we consider the classes $\mathcal{U}(\mathbb{D},\zeta)$ (resp. $\mathcal{U}^{(\mu)}(\mathbb{D},\zeta)$) of such functions $f$ such that the partial sums $\{S_n(f,\zeta):n=1,2,\dots\}$ (resp. $\{S_{\mu_n}(f,\zeta):n=1,2,\dots\}$) approximate all polynomials uniformly on the compact sets $K\subset\{z\in\mathbb{C}:\vert z\vert\geq 1\}$ with connected complement. We show that these two classes of universal Taylor series coincide if and only if $\limsup_n\left(\frac{\mu_{n+1}}{\mu_n}\right)<+\infty$. In the same spirit, we prove that, for $\zeta\ne 0,$ we have the equality $\mathcal{U}^{(\mu)}(\mathbb{D},\zeta)=\mathcal{U}^{(\mu)}(\mathbb{D},0)$ if and only if $\limsup_n\left(\frac{\mu_{n+1}}{\mu_n}\right)<+\infty$. Finally we deal with the case of real universal Taylor series.