Monitored wet-etch removal of individual dielectric layers from high-finesse Bragg mirrors

TL;DR

This paper introduces a low-cost, monitored wet etch method for selectively removing dielectric layers from high-finesse Bragg mirrors, enabling precise control over optical properties without damaging the substrate.

Contribution

It presents a novel, single-step wet etch process with real-time monitoring for reliably removing specific dielectric layers from high-reflectivity fiber mirrors.

Findings

Successfully removed up to six bilayers with maintained optical quality

Achieved a stepwise decrease in finesse from 92,000 to 3,950

Produced a tapered fiber profile reducing diameter to ~100 μm

Abstract

It is prohibitively expensive to deposit customized dielectric coatings on individual optics. One solution is to batch-coat many optics with extra dielectric layers, then remove layers from individual optics as needed. Here we present a low-cost, single-step, monitored wet etch technique for reliably removing (or partially removing) individual SiO$_2$ and Ta$_2$O$_5$ dielectric layers, in this case from a high-reflectivity fiber mirror. By immersing in acid and monitoring off-band reflected light, we show it is straightforward to iteratively (or continuously) remove six bilayers. At each stage, we characterize the coating performance with a Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity, observing the expected stepwise decrease in finesse from 92,000$\pm$3,000 to 3,950$\pm$50, finding no evidence of added optical losses. The etch also removes the fiber's sidewall coating after a single bilayer, and, after six bilayers, confines the remaining coating to a $\sim$50-$\mu$m-diameter pedestal at the center of the fiber tip. Vapor etching above the solution produces a tapered "pool cue" cladding profile, reducing the fiber diameter (nominally 125 $\mu$m) to $\sim$100 $\mu$m at an angle of $\sim$0.3$^\circ$ near the tip. Finally, we note that the data generated by this technique provides a sensitive estimate of the layers' optical depths. This technique could be readily adapted to free-space optics and other coatings.