Multi-band programmable gain Raman amplifier
Uiara Celine de Moura, Md Asif Iqbal, Morteza Kamalian, Lukasz, Krzczanowicz, Francesco Da Ros, Ann Margareth Rosa Brusin, Andrea Carena,, Wladek Forysiak, Sergei Turitsyn, Darko Zibar

TL;DR
This paper presents an experimental demonstration of a multi-band (S+C+L) programmable gain Raman amplifier that uses machine learning to achieve rapid, precise, and wide-range gain profile control over an ultra-broad bandwidth, advancing optical communication technology.
Contribution
The paper introduces a novel multi-band Raman amplifier with machine learning-based programmable gain control, enabling ultra-fast, accurate, and wide-range gain shaping for optical communications.
Findings
Achieves over 1000 programmable gain profiles from 3.5 to 30 dB.
Operates over an ultra-wide bandwidth of 17.6 THz (140.7 nm).
Maintains a maximum error of 1.6e-2 dB/THz in gain profile accuracy.
Abstract
Optical communication systems, operating in C-band, are reaching their theoretically achievable capacity limits. An attractive and economically viable solution to satisfy the future data rate demands is to employ the transmission across the full low-loss spectrum encompassing O, E, S, C and L band of the single mode fibers (SMF). Utilizing all five bands offers a bandwidth of up to 53.5THz (365nm) with loss below 0.4dB/km. A key component in realizing multi-band optical communication systems is the optical amplifier. Apart from having an ultra-wide gain profile, the ability of providing arbitrary gain profiles, in a controlled way, will become an essential feature. The latter will allow for signal power spectrum shaping which has a broad range of applications such as the maximization of the achievable information rate X distance product, the elimination of static and lossy gain…
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