Superheating fields of semi-infinite superconductors and layered superconductors in the diffusive limit: structural optimization based on the microscopic theory

TL;DR

This study calculates the superheating fields of semi-infinite and layered superconductors in the diffusive limit using microscopic theory, providing insights for optimizing superconducting RF cavities.

Contribution

It offers a detailed microscopic analysis of superheating fields in layered superconductors, including optimal layer thicknesses for maximum superheating field.

Findings

Superheating field of semi-infinite superconductor is approximately 0.795 times the thermodynamic critical field at zero temperature.

Layered superconductors' superheating fields depend on layer thickness, with an identified optimal thickness for maximum $H_{sh}$.

Results can guide the design of superconducting cavities with enhanced performance.

Abstract

We investigate the superheating fields $H_{sh}$ of semi-infinite superconductors and layered superconductors in the diffusive limit by using the well-established quasiclassical Green's function formalism of the BCS theory. The coupled Maxwell-Usadel equations are self-consistently solved to obtain the spatial distributions of the magnetic field, screening current density, penetration depth, and pair potential. We find the superheating field of a semi-infinite superconductor in the diffusive limit is given by $H_{sh} = 0.795 H_{c0}$ at the temperature $T \to 0$. Here $H_{c0}$ is the thermodynamic critical-field at the zero temperature. Also, we evaluate $H_{sh}$ of layered superconductors in the diffusive limit as functions of the layer thicknesses ($d$) and identify the optimum thickness that maximizes $H_{sh}$ for various materials combinations. Qualitative interpretation of $H_{sh}(d)$ based on the London approximation is also discussed. The results of this work can be used to improve the performance of superconducting rf resonant cavities for particle accelerators.