$\mu \to e \gamma$ selecting scalar leptoquark solutions for the $(g-2)_{e,\mu}$ puzzles

TL;DR

This paper explores scalar leptoquark models capable of explaining the electron and muon g-2 anomalies simultaneously, identifying specific scenarios that satisfy experimental constraints and highlighting the challenges faced by certain configurations.

Contribution

It classifies viable scalar leptoquark scenarios for g-2 anomalies, analyzing their compatibility with flavor and collider constraints, and identifies three promising models including a new combined scenario.

Findings

Only three scenarios pass the $oldsymbol{ ext{μ} o e ext{γ}}$ test and impact g-2 discrepancies.

Charm quark loops explain the electron g-2, top quark loops explain the muon g-2.

The combined $S_1$ and $S_3$ scenario cannot fully address g-2 at 1σ due to flavor constraints.

Abstract

We investigate all potentially viable scenarios that can produce the chiral enhancement required to simultaneously explain the $(g-2)_{e}$ and $(g-2)_{\mu}$ data with either a single scalar leptoquark or a pair of scalar leptoquarks. We provide classification of these scenarios in terms of their ability to satisfy the existing limits on the branching ratio for the $\mu \to e \gamma$ process. The simultaneous explanation of the $(g-2)_{e,\mu}$ discrepancies, coupled with the current experimental data, implies that the $(g-2)_e$ loops are exclusively due to the charm quark propagation whereas the $(g-2)_\mu$ loops are due to the top quark propagation. The scenarios where the $(g-2)_e$ loops are due to the top (bottom) quark propagation are, at best, approximately nine (three) orders of magnitude away from the experimental limit on the $\mu \to e \gamma$ branching ratio. All in all, there are only three particular scenarios that can pass the $\mu \to e \gamma$ test and simultaneously create large enough impact on the $(g-2)_{e,\mu}$ discrepancies when the new physics is based on the Standard Model fermion content. These are the $S_1$, $R_2$, and $S_1 \& S_3$ scenarios, where the first two are already known to be phenomenologically viable candidates with respect to all other flavor and collider data constraints. We show that the third scenario, where the right-chiral couplings to charged leptons are due to $S_1$, the left-chiral couplings to charged leptons are due to $S_3$, and the two leptoquarks mix through the Standard Model Higgs field, cannot address the $(g-2)_{e}$ and $(g-2)_{\mu}$ discrepancies at the $1\sigma$ level due to an interplay between $K_L^0 \to e^\pm \mu^\mp$, $Z \to e^+ e^-$, and $Z \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ data despite the ability of that scenario to avoid the $\mu \to e \gamma$ limit.