Spectral-Energy Efficiency Trade-off-based Beamforming Design for MISO Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel beamforming design for MISO NOMA systems that balances energy and spectral efficiency by formulating and solving a multi-objective optimization problem with an iterative convex approximation method.

Contribution

It proposes a joint SE-EE trade-off beamforming approach using a multi-objective optimization reformulated as a single objective problem with an iterative solution technique.

Findings

Outperforms existing beamforming methods in simulations.

Effectively balances energy and spectral efficiency.

Demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed optimization approach.

Abstract

Energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) are two of the key performance metrics in future wireless networks, covering both design and operational requirements. For previous conventional resource allocation techniques, these two performance metrics have been considered in isolation, resulting in severe performance degradation in either of these metrics. Motivated by this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel beamforming design that jointly considers the trade-off between the two performance metrics in a multiple-input single-output non-orthogonal multiple access system. In particular, we formulate a joint SE-EE based design as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem to achieve a good tradeoff between the two performance metrics. However, this MOO problem is not mathematically tractable and, thus, it is difficult to determine a feasible solution due to the conflicting objectives, where both need to be simultaneously optimized. To overcome this issue, we exploit a priori articulation scheme combined with the weighted sum approach. Using this, we reformulate the original MOO problem as a conventional single objective optimization (SOO) problem. In doing so, we develop an iterative algorithm to solve this non-convex SOO problem using the sequential convex approximation technique. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approach over the available beamforming designs.