Finite momentum condensate brought on by Zeeman field

TL;DR

This paper investigates superfluid states in a 2D fermionic Hubbard model with Zeeman coupling, revealing a complex phase diagram with finite momentum condensates including Fulde-Ferrell and Larkin-Ovchinnikov states, and analyzing their stability.

Contribution

It provides a detailed phase diagram of finite momentum condensates in a 2D Hubbard model with Zeeman field, highlighting the stability and nature of these states across coupling regimes.

Findings

Finite momentum condensates exhibit both Fulde-Ferrell and Larkin-Ovchinnikov orders.

Strong coupling enhances the stability of finite momentum condensates.

Numerical mean-field calculations suggest possible localization near half-filling.

Abstract

We study superfluid states in a two-dimensional fermionic attractive Hubbard model with Zeeman coupling to an external field. Focusing our attention on singlet pairing in both weak and strong coupling regimes, we reveal a rich phase diagram of finite momentum condensates which exhibits both Fulde-Ferrell and Larkin-Ovchinnikov orders at zero temperature. The latter are commensurate stripe states that spontaneously break a lattice symmetry; many stable ordering wavevectors are found as a function of particle density and Zeeman field. Stronger coupling significantly enhances the stability of the finite momentum condensates, but our numerical mean-field calculations underestimate the effect of fluctuations and indicate a possible localization near half-filling.