Blind Observers of the Sky

TL;DR

This paper introduces a catalog-level blinding scheme for galaxy clustering data in cosmology, aiming to prevent confirmation bias and improve the reliability of future high-precision sky surveys.

Contribution

It presents a novel blinding method that shifts galaxy positions along the line of sight, combining geometric and perturbative shifts, applicable at catalog level without affecting angular positions.

Findings

Effective blinding demonstrated on mock catalogs and BOSS DR12 data.

Preserves angular information while shifting cosmological parameters.

Reduces risk of unblinding and systematic interference.

Abstract

The concept of blind analysis, a key procedure to remove the human-based systematic error called confirmation bias, has long been an integral part of data analysis in many research areas. In cosmology, blind analysis is recently making its entrance, as the field progresses into a fully fledged high-precision science. The credibility, reliability and robustness of results from future sky-surveys will dramatically increase if the effect of confirmation bias is kept under control by using an appropriate blinding procedure. Here, we present a catalog-level blinding scheme for galaxy clustering data apt to be used in future spectroscopic galaxy surveys. We shift the individual galaxy positions along the line of sight based on 1) a geometric shift mimicking the Alcock-Paczynski effect and 2) a perturbative shift akin to redshift-space distortions. This procedure has several advantages. After combining the two steps above, it is almost impossible to accidentally unblind. The procedure induces a shift in cosmological parameters without changing the galaxies' angular positions, hence without interfering with the effects of angular systematics. Since the method is applied at catalog level, there is no need to adopt several blinding schemes tuned to different summary statistics, likelihood choices or types of analyses. By testing the method on mock catalogs and the BOSS DR12 catalog we demonstrate its performance in blinding galaxy clustering data for relevant cosmological parameters sensitive to the background expansion rate and the growth rate of structures.