Entanglement Transition in the Projective Transverse Field Ising Model

TL;DR

This paper investigates an entanglement transition in a stochastic quantum model with projective measurements, revealing a critical point characterized by conformal field theory and universal entanglement scaling, with implications for quantum error correction.

Contribution

It introduces a classical nonlocal model for entanglement dynamics in the projective transverse field Ising model and maps the transition to bond percolation, providing exact critical exponents.

Findings

Demonstrates an entanglement transition driven by measurement competition.

Establishes a conformal field theory description of the critical point.

Derives universal entanglement entropy scaling and mutual information exponents.

Abstract

Discrete quantum trajectories of systems under random unitary gates and projective measurements have been shown to feature transitions in the entanglement scaling that are not encoded in the density matrix. In this paper, we study the projective transverse field Ising model, a stochastic model with two noncommuting projective measurements and no unitary dynamics. We numerically demonstrate that their competition drives an entanglement transition between two distinct steady states that both exhibit area law entanglement, and introduce a classical but nonlocal model that captures the entanglement dynamics completely. Exploiting a map to bond percolation, we argue that the critical system in one dimension is described by a conformal field theory, and derive the universal scaling of the entanglement entropy and the critical exponent for the scaling of the mutual information of two spins exactly. We conclude with an interpretation of the entanglement transition in the context of quantum error correction.