Entropy production due to adiabatic particle creation in a holographic dissipative cosmology

TL;DR

This paper investigates entropy production from adiabatic particle creation in a dissipative holographic cosmology, analyzing entropy evolution and thermodynamic laws in a flat universe with late-time acceleration.

Contribution

It introduces a dissipative cosmological model with power-law entropy production and examines the generalized second law and entropy maximization in this context.

Findings

Irreversible entropy in the Hubble volume is proportional to H^{-1}.

The generalized second law of thermodynamics is always satisfied.

Entropy maximization occurs under specific conditions, constraining the universe's evolution.

Abstract

Cosmological adiabatic particle creation results in the generation of irreversible entropy. The evolution of this entropy is examined in a flat Friedmann--Robertson--Walker universe at late times, using a dissipative model with a power-law term (proportional to the power of the Hubble parameter $H$). In a dissipative universe, the irreversible entropy included in the Hubble volume is found to be proportional to $H^{-1}$, unlike for the case of the Bekenstein--Hawking entropy on the horizon of the universe. In addition, the evolution of the horizon entropy is examined, extending the previous analysis of a non-dissipative universe [Phys.\ Rev.\ D \textbf{100}, 123545 (2019) (arXiv:1911.08306)]. In the present model, the generalized second law of thermodynamics is always satisfied, whereas the maximization of entropy is satisfied under specific conditions. The dissipative universe should be constrained by the entropy maximization as if the universe behaves as an ordinary, isolated macroscopic system. The thermodynamic constraints are likely to be consistent with constraints on a transition from a decelerating universe to an accelerating universe.