Spontaneous oscillations and negative-conductance transitions in microfluidic networks

TL;DR

This paper presents a microfluidic network with nonlinear dynamics that enables on-chip flow control mechanisms like oscillations and bistability, eliminating the need for external control devices.

Contribution

The authors design a microfluidic network that harnesses nonlinear inertia effects to produce complex flow behaviors without external hardware, advancing integrated flow control.

Findings

Demonstrated oscillatory flow patterns in the network

Observed bistable flow states and hysteresis

Achieved negative-conductance transitions without external control

Abstract

The tendency for flows in microfluidic systems to behave linearly poses a challenge for designing integrated flow control schemes to carry out complex fluid processing tasks. This hindrance has led to the use of numerous external control devices to manipulate flows, thereby thwarting the potential scalability and portability of lab-on-a-chip technology. Here, we devise a microfluidic network exhibiting nonlinear flow dynamics that enable new mechanisms for on-chip flow control. This network is shown to exhibit oscillatory output patterns, bistable flow states, hysteresis, signal amplification, and negative-conductance transitions, all without reliance on dedicated external control hardware, movable parts, flexible components, or oscillatory inputs. These dynamics arise from nonlinear fluid inertia effects in laminar flows that we amplify and harness through the design of the network geometry. We suggest that these results, which are supported by fluid dynamical simulations and theoretical modeling, have the potential to inspire development of new built-in control capabilities, such as on-chip timing and synchronized flow patterns.