Universal programmable on-chip metasurface building blocks for arbitrary high-order mode manipulation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal, programmable metasurface-based on-chip component capable of efficiently manipulating arbitrary high-order optical modes, significantly advancing mode-division multiplexing technology.

Contribution

It presents a novel, versatile metasurface building block for on-chip high-order mode conversion and exchange, reducing R&D costs and enabling flexible optical interconnections.

Findings

Achieves simultaneous mode conversion and exchange with high stability

Offers compact, uniform, and high-performance mode manipulation

Facilitates scalable on-chip multimode optical systems

Abstract

On-chip mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has been emerging as a promising technology to further enhance the link capacity and bandwidth of data communications with multiple mode channels. Both mode converters and mode exchangers are indispensable fundamental components for flexible mode operations. While several configurations have been developed previously, it is still very challenging to efficiently manipulate arbitrary high-order modes in a versatile way to reduce the R&D and prototyping costs. Here we initiate a breakthrough with a simple yet universal generic mode operator building block concept utilizing metasurface structures. The programmable arbitrary high-order mode operators can realize mode conversion and exchange simultaneously with competitive and uniform performance, high stability and compact footprints, offering a quintessential step change for on-chip multimode optical interconnections.