Loop quantum Schwarzschild interior and black hole remnant

TL;DR

This paper applies loop quantum gravity to the Schwarzschild black hole interior, demonstrating that quantum effects prevent complete evaporation and suggest a stable black hole remnant, supported by analytical and numerical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a loop quantum gravity quantization of the Schwarzschild interior and shows the existence of a stable remnant, extending previous models.

Findings

Zero is not in the spectrum of the mass observable

Supports the existence of a stable black hole remnant

Results are valid for various loop quantization schemes

Abstract

The interior of Schwarzschild black hole is quantized by the method of loop quantum gravity. The Hamiltonian constraint is solved and the physical Hilbert space is obtained in the model. The properties of a Dirac observable corresponding to the ADM mass of the Schwarzschild black hole are studied by both analytical and numerical techniques. It turns out that zero is not in the spectrum of this Dirac observable. This supports the existence of a stable remnant after the evaporation of a black hole. Our conclusion is valid for a general class of schemes adopted for loop quantization of the model.