Deep-CAPTCHA: a deep learning based CAPTCHA solver for vulnerability assessment

TL;DR

This paper presents Deep-CAPTCHA, a deep learning model that effectively cracks visual CAPTCHA tests, revealing vulnerabilities and guiding the development of more secure CAPTCHA systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel convolutional neural network for CAPTCHA cracking and provides a comprehensive analysis of CAPTCHA vulnerabilities using a large dataset.

Findings

Achieved over 98% accuracy in cracking numerical CAPTCHAs.

Achieved over 98% accuracy in cracking alphanumerical CAPTCHAs.

Identified techniques to improve CAPTCHA security based on model performance.

Abstract

CAPTCHA is a human-centred test to distinguish a human operator from bots, attacking programs, or other computerised agents that tries to imitate human intelligence. In this research, we investigate a way to crack visual CAPTCHA tests by an automated deep learning based solution. The goal of this research is to investigate the weaknesses and vulnerabilities of the CAPTCHA generator systems; hence, developing more robust CAPTCHAs, without taking the risks of manual try and fail efforts. We develop a Convolutional Neural Network called Deep-CAPTCHA to achieve this goal. The proposed platform is able to investigate both numerical and alphanumerical CAPTCHAs. To train and develop an efficient model, we have generated a dataset of 500,000 CAPTCHAs to train our model. In this paper, we present our customised deep neural network model, we review the research gaps, the existing challenges, and the solutions to cope with the issues. Our network's cracking accuracy leads to a high rate of 98.94% and 98.31% for the numerical and the alpha-numerical test datasets, respectively. That means more works is required to develop robust CAPTCHAs, to be non-crackable against automated artificial agents. As the outcome of this research, we identify some efficient techniques to improve the security of the CAPTCHAs, based on the performance analysis conducted on the Deep-CAPTCHA model.