Randomized polynomial-time equivalence between determinant and trace-IMM equivalence tests

TL;DR

This paper establishes a randomized polynomial-time equivalence between the complexity of testing polynomial equivalence for determinant, trace-IMM, and related tensor isomorphism problems, connecting several fundamental algebraic tasks.

Contribution

It proves that equivalence testing for determinant, trace-IMM, and full matrix algebra isomorphism are randomized polynomial-time equivalent, unifying their complexity classes.

Findings

Equivalence testing for Det and Tr-IMM is randomized polynomial-time reducible.

Full matrix algebra isomorphism reduces to tensor isomorphism for matrix multiplication tensors.

Determinant, trace-IMM, and FMAI problems are all polynomial-time equivalent under randomness.

Abstract

Equivalence testing for a polynomial family {g_m} over a field F is the following problem: Given black-box access to an n-variate polynomial f(x), where n is the number of variables in g_m, check if there exists an A in GL(n,F) such that f(x) = g_m(Ax). If yes, then output such an A. The complexity of equivalence testing has been studied for a number of important polynomial families, including the determinant (Det) and the two popular variants of the iterated matrix multiplication polynomial: IMM_{w,d} (the (1,1) entry of the product of d many w $\times$ w symbolic matrices) and Tr-IMM_{w,d} (the trace of the product of d many w $\times$ w symbolic matrices). The families Det, IMM and Tr-IMM are VBP-complete, and so, in this sense, they have the same complexity. But, do they have the same equivalence testing complexity? We show that the answer is 'yes' for Det and Tr-IMM (modulo the use of randomness). The result is obtained by connecting the two problems via another well-studied problem called the full matrix algebra isomorphism problem (FMAI). In particular, we prove the following: 1. Testing equivalence of polynomials to Tr-IMM_{w,d}, for d$\geq$ 3 and w$\geq$ 2, is randomized polynomial-time Turing reducible to testing equivalence of polynomials to Det_w, the determinant of the w $\times$ w matrix of formal variables. (Here, d need not be a constant.) 2. FMAI is randomized polynomial-time Turing reducible to equivalence testing (in fact, to tensor isomorphism testing) for the family of matrix multiplication tensors {Tr-IMM_{w,3}}. These in conjunction with the randomized poly-time reduction from determinant equivalence testing to FMAI [Garg,Gupta,Kayal,Saha19], imply that FMAI, equivalence testing for Tr-IMM and for Det, and the $3$-tensor isomorphism problem for the family of matrix multiplication tensors are randomized poly-time equivalent under Turing reductions.