Real-time modelling of Optical orientation in GaAs: generation and decay of the degree of spin polarization

TL;DR

This paper presents a real-time ab initio simulation of optical orientation in GaAs, capturing spin polarization dynamics induced by ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses and explaining the decay mechanisms through free induction decay.

Contribution

It provides the first ab initio reproduction of free induction decay in spin polarization, offering detailed insights into the generation and decay of spin polarization in GaAs.

Findings

Spin polarization is generated and evolves with a precession motion.

The overall spin polarization decays within a few picoseconds due to decoherence.

The decay mechanism is explained by destructive interference, modeled as free induction decay.

Abstract

We present a real-time abinitio description of optical orientation in bulk GaAs due to the coupling with an ultrashort circular polarized laser source. The injection of spin polarized electrons in the conduction band is correctly reproduced, and a non vanishing spin polarization ($\mathbf{P}$) parallel to the direction of propagation of the laser ($z$) emerges. A detailed analysis of the generation and the evolution of $\mathbf{P}(t)$ is discussed. The single $\mathbf{k}$-point dynamics is a motion of precession around a fixed axis with constant $|\mathbf{P}|$ and fixed frequency. Instead, the $\mathbf{k}$-integrated signal shows only a time dependent $P_z(t)$ and decays few pico seconds after the end of the laser pump due to decoherence. Decoherence emerges since the individual contributions activated by the pump give rise to destructive interference. We interpret the results in terms of the \emph{free induction decay} mechanism proposed some years ago. For the first time we are able to reproduce such effect in a full abinitio fashion, giving a quantitative estimate of the associated decay time. Our result also shows a possible explanation to the time decay of spin magnetization observed in many real-time abinitio simulations.