Signatures consistent with multi-frequency tipping in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

TL;DR

This paper explores multi-frequency tipping (M-tipping) in climate systems, particularly the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, offering insights into early warning signs and explaining complex bifurcation behaviors observed near tipping points.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of M-tipping as a generic phenomenon in systems with multiple interacting frequencies and links it to observed climate model behaviors.

Findings

M-tipping involves the disappearance of an attracting torus.

The bifurcation sequence in M-tipping explains complex climate model behaviors.

Provides a framework for early-warning signs in multi-frequency systems.

Abstract

The early detection of tipping points, which describe a rapid departure from a stable state, is an important theoretical and practical challenge. Tipping points are most commonly associated with the disappearance of steady-state or periodic solutions at fold bifurcations. We discuss here multi-frequency tipping (M-tipping), which is tipping due to the disappearance of an attracting torus. M-tipping is a generic phenomenon in systems with at least two intrinsic or external frequencies that can interact and, hence, is relevant to a wide variety of systems of interest. We show that the more complicated sequence of bifurcations involved in M-tipping provides a possible consistent explanation for as yet unexplained behavior observed near tipping in climate models for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. More generally, this work provides a path towards identifying possible early-warning signs of tipping in multiple-frequency systems.