GPU-Accelerated Periodic Source Identification in Large-Scale Surveys: Measuring $P$ and $\dot{P}$

TL;DR

This paper introduces gce, a GPU-accelerated tool for detecting periodic signals in large surveys, capable of searching over period and its derivative, crucial for identifying ultracompact binaries in gravitational wave and electromagnetic data.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel fast search algorithm using Conditional Entropy that efficiently explores both period and period derivative, enabling better detection of ultracompact binaries in survey data.

Findings

Including ot;Pa0 improves detection of binaries with periods <10 min.

The method is effective for longer periods but requires more computation.

The tool is publicly available at https://github.com/mikekatz04/gce.

Abstract

Many inspiraling and merging stellar remnants emit both gravitational and electromagnetic radiation as they orbit or collide. These gravitational wave events together with their associated electromagnetic counterparts provide insight about the nature of the merger, allowing us to further constrain properties of the binary. With the future launch of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), follow up observations and models are needed of ultracompact binary (UCB) systems. Current and upcoming long baseline time domain surveys will observe many of these UCBs. We present a new fast periodic object search tool capable of searching for generic periodic signals based on the Conditional Entropy algorithm. This new implementation allows for a grid search over both the period ($P$) and the time derivative of the period ($\dot{P}$). To demonstrate the usage of this tool, we use a small, hand-picked subset of a UCB population generated from the population synthesis code \cosmic, as well as a custom catalog for varying periods at fixed intrinsic parameters. We simulate light curves as likely to be observed by future time domain surveys by using an existing eclipsing binary light curve model accounting for the change in orbital period due to gravitational radiation. We find that a search with $\dot{P}$ values is necessary for detecting binaries at orbital periods less than $\sim$10 min. We also show it is useful in finding and characterizing binaries with longer periods, but at a higher computational cost. Our code is called gce (GPU-Accelerated Conditional Entropy). It is available at https://github.com/mikekatz04/gce.