Insights from Graph Theory on the Morphologies of Actomyosin Networks with Multilinkers

TL;DR

This study uses network theory to analyze how multivalent actin-binding proteins influence the formation and morphology of actomyosin networks, revealing the roles of ABP valency and motor proteins in network organization.

Contribution

It introduces a graph-theoretic approach to quantify actomyosin network morphologies and demonstrates the impact of ABP valency and motor activity on network structure.

Findings

ABPs with valency >2 promote filament bundling and clustering

Motor proteins facilitate dendritic branch formation

Network theory provides insights into actomyosin architecture

Abstract

Quantifying the influence of microscopic details on the dynamics of development of the overall structure of a filamentous network is important in a number of biologically relevant contexts, but it is not obvious what order parameters can be used to adequately describe this complex process. In this paper, we investigated the role of multivalent actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in reorganizing actin filaments into higher-order complex networks via a computer model of semiflexible filaments. We characterize the importance of local connectivity among actin filaments as well as the global features of actomyosin networks. We first map the networks into local graph representations and then, using principles from network-theory order parameters, combine properties from these representations to gain insight on the heterogeneous morphologies of actomyosin networks at a global level. We find that ABPs with a valency greater than two promote filament bundles and large filament clusters to a much greater extent than bivalent multilinkers. We also show that active myosin-like motor proteins promote the formation of dendritic branches from a stalk of actin bundles. Our work motivates future studies to embrace network theory as a tool to characterize complex morphologies of actomyosin detected by experiments, leading to a quantitative understanding of the role of ABPs in manipulating the self-assembly of actin filaments into unique architectures that underlie the structural scaffold of a cell relating to its mobility and shape.