k-essence classical Hamiltonian approach for an accelerated expansion of the Universe with $\omega\approx-1$

TL;DR

This paper develops a Hamiltonian framework for k-essence scalar fields in FLRW cosmology, demonstrating that such models can produce late-time accelerated expansion with properties similar to dark energy.

Contribution

It introduces a classical Hamiltonian approach for k-essence fields, deriving solutions that exhibit accelerated universe expansion consistent with dark energy.

Findings

Scale factor grows exponentially at late times

Energy density approaches a constant value

Equation of state parameter approaches -1

Abstract

We obtain lagrangian for $k$-essence scalar field $\phi(r,t)$ with scalar curvature $k$ of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric . Obtained lagrangian has two generalised co-ordinates $\phi$ and logarithm of scale factor ($q=\ln a$). Classical Hamiltonian $({\mathcal H})$ is obtained in terms of two corresponding conjugate momentum $p_{q}$ and $p_{\phi}$. Solving Hamilton's equation of motion , we obtain classical solution for scale factor $a(t)$, energy density $\rho$, equation of state parameter $\omega$ and deceleration parameter $q_{0}$ . At late time as $t\rightarrow\infty$, we have an exponential growth of scale factor with time, energy density $\rho$ becomes constant, which we can identify as dark energy density, equation of state parameter becomes $\omega\approx -1$ and deceleration parameter becomes $ q_{0}\approx -1$. All this results indicates an accelerated expansion of universe driven by negative pressure known as dark energy.