Low-loss single-mode hybrid-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel hybrid-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fiber design that achieves ultralow loss, robust single-mode operation, and polarization maintenance, advancing fiber optics for long-distance and micromachining applications.

Contribution

A new hybrid cladding design using Kagome-tubular lattice significantly reduces loss while maintaining true single-mode operation in IC-guiding fibers.

Findings

Minimum loss of 1.6 dB/km at 1050 nm

Higher-order modes extinction ratio of 47.0 dB for 10 m fiber

Robust single-modeness verified under various conditions

Abstract

The remarkable recent demonstrations in ultralow loss Inhibited-Coupling (IC) hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HCPCFs) place them as serious candidates for the next-generation of long-haul fiber optics systems. A hindrance to this prospect, but also to short-haul applications such as micromachining, where stable and high-quality beam delivery is needed, is the challenge to design and fabricate an IC-guiding fiber that combines ultra-low loss, truly and robust single-modeness, and polarization-maintaining operation. Design solutions proposed up to now require a trade-off between low loss and truly single modeness. Here, we propose a novel concept of IC HCPCF for obtaining low-loss and effective single-mode operation. The fiber is endowed with a hybrid cladding composed of a Kagome-tubular lattice (HKT). This new concept of microstructured cladding allows to significantly reduce confinement loss and, at the same time, preserving a truly and robust single-mode operation. Experimental results show a HKT-IC-HCPCF with a minimum loss figure of 1.6 dB/km at 1050 nm and a higher-order modes extinction ratio as high as 47.0 dB for a 10 m long fiber. The robustness of the fiber single-modeness was tested by moving the fiber and varying the coupling conditions. The design proposed herein opens a new route for the accomplishment of HCPCFs that combine robust ultralow loss transmission and single-mode beam delivery and provides new insight into the understanding of IC guidance.