A Data Streaming Process Framework for Autonomous Driving By Edge

TL;DR

This paper presents a real-time data streaming framework for autonomous driving that predicts sensor data flow, dynamically adjusts processing intervals, and reduces latency using edge computing and Spark Streaming.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework combining traffic flow prediction and dynamic Batch Interval adjustment on Spark Streaming for autonomous vehicle sensors.

Findings

Predicts short-term traffic with less than 4% error.

Maintains system stability during rapid data rate changes.

Reduces latency by 35% compared to vanilla Spark Streaming.

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of sensing technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors play increasingly important roles in traffic control, medical monitoring, industrial production and etc. They generated high volume of data in a streaming way that often need to be processed in real time. Therefore, streaming data computing technology plays an indispensable role in the real-time processing of sensor data in high throughput but low latency. In view of the above problems, the proposed framework is implemented on top of Spark Streaming, which builds up a gray model based traffic flow monitor, a traffic prediction orientated prediction layer and a fuzzy control based Batch Interval dynamic adjustment layer for Spark Streaming. It could forecast the variation of sensors data arrive rate, make streaming Batch Interval adjustment in advance and implement real-time streaming process by edge. Therefore, it can realize the monitor and prediction of the data flow changes of the autonomous driving vehicle sensor data in geographical coverage of edge computing node area, meanwhile minimize the end-to-end latency but satisfy the application throughput requirements. The experiments show that it can predict short-term traffic with no more than 4% relative error in a whole day. By making batch consuming rate close to data generating rate, it can maintain system stability well even when arrival data rate changes rapidly. The Batch Interval can be converged to a suitable value in two minutes when data arrival rate is doubled. Compared with vanilla version Spark Streaming, where there has serious task accumulation and introduces large delay, it can reduce 35% latency by squeezing Batch Interval when data arrival rate is low; it also can significantly improve system throughput by only at most 25% Batch Interval increase when data arrival rate is high.