Determination of generalized parton distributions through a simultaneous analysis of axial form factor and wide-angle Compton scattering data

TL;DR

This paper develops new generalized parton distributions (GPDs) by simultaneously analyzing axial form factor and wide-angle Compton scattering data at NLO, providing improved accuracy and insights into proton structure.

Contribution

It introduces a combined analysis method for GPDs using AFF and WACS data, reducing uncertainties and enhancing understanding of proton tomography.

Findings

GPDs fitted to combined data show better agreement with experiments.

WACS data significantly influence the large -t behavior of H.

The resulting GPDs enable detailed proton tomography plots.

Abstract

In this work, we present a new set of unpolarized ($ H $) and polarized ($\widetilde{H}$) generalized parton distributions (GPDs) that have been determined using a simultaneous $ \chi^2 $ analysis of the nucleon axial form factor (AFF) and wide-angle Compton scattering (WACS) experimental data at the next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in QCD. We explore various Ansatzes presented in the literature for GPDs, which use forward parton distributions as input, and choose the ones most suited to our analysis. The experimental data included in our analysis cover a wide range of the squared transverse momentum, which is $ 0.025 < -t < 6.46 $ GeV$ ^2 $. We show that the WACS data affect significantly the large $-t$ behavior of $\widetilde{H}$. The polarized GPDs obtained from the simultaneous analysis of AFF and WACS data differ considerably from the corresponding ones obtained by analyzing AFF and WACS separately, and have less uncertainties. We show that the theoretical predictions obtained using our GPDs are in good agreement with the analyzed AFF and WACS data for the entire range of $ -t $ studied. Finally, we obtain the impact parameter dependent parton distributions, both in an unpolarized and in a transversely polarized proton, and present them as tomography plots.