Static and stationary dark fluid universes: A gravitoelectromagnetic perspective

TL;DR

This paper characterizes static and stationary dark fluid universes using gravitoelectromagnetic fields, revealing how these fields influence the equations of state of perfect fluid sources in Einstein's equations.

Contribution

It introduces a physical framework based on gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields to analyze static and stationary perfect fluid solutions with dark fluid components.

Findings

Presence of gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields constrains fluid equations of state.

Dark fluid solutions include cosmological constant as a special case.

Field characteristics influence the properties of perfect fluid universes.

Abstract

We introduce a physical characterization of the static and stationary perfect fluid solutions of the Einstein field equations with a single or 2-component perfect fluid sources, according to their gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields. The absence or presence of either or both of these fields could restrict the equations of state of the underlying perfect fluid sources. As the representative of each family of solutions, we consider those spaces that include the cosmological term as a dark fluid source with the equation of state $p=-\rho = constant$.