Toward a large bandwidth photonic correlator for infrared heterodyne interferometry

TL;DR

This paper introduces a photonic correlator architecture for infrared heterodyne interferometry, demonstrating its potential to significantly increase detection bandwidth and improve sensitivity for large telescope arrays.

Contribution

The paper presents the design and experimental validation of a photonic double-sideband correlator capable of processing wide-bandwidth signals over long distances in infrared interferometry.

Findings

Achieved a 13% signal-to-noise ratio degradation with the correlator.

Successfully demonstrated a posteriori correlation of infrared signals.

Showed potential for large bandwidth processing in mid-infrared interferometry.

Abstract

Infrared heterodyne interferometry has been proposed as a practical alternative for recombining a large number of telescopes over kilometric baselines in the mid-infrared. However, the current limited correlation capacities impose strong restrictions on the sensitivity of this appealing technique. In this paper, we propose to address the problem of transport and correlation of wide-bandwidth signals over kilometric distances by introducing photonic processing in infrared heterodyne interferometry. We describe the architecture of a photonic double-sideband correlator for two telescopes, along with the experimental demonstration of this concept on a proof-of-principle test bed. We demonstrate the \textit{a posteriori} correlation of two infrared signals previously generated on a two-telescope simulator in a double-sideband photonic correlator. A degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio of $13\%$, equivalent to a noise factor $\text{NF}=1.15$, is obtained through the correlator, and the temporal coherence properties of our input signals are retrieved from these measurements. Our results demonstrate that photonic processing can be used to correlate heterodyne signals with a potentially large increase of detection bandwidth. These developments open the way to photonic processing of wide bandwidth signals for mid-infrared heterodyne interferometry, in particular for a large number of telescopes and for direct imager recombiners.