Statistical relationships between corresponding authorship, international co-authorship and citation impact of national research systems

TL;DR

This study examines how research leadership, international collaboration, and citation impact are interrelated across countries, revealing complex relationships influenced by development stages and database policies.

Contribution

It provides a detailed statistical analysis of bibliometric indicators at the country level, highlighting the nuanced relationship between authorship, collaboration, and citation impact.

Findings

Relationship between authorship and citations is complex

Country development stage influences bibliometric indicators

Distinction needed between genuine leadership and statistical effects

Abstract

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the relationship between three science indicators applied in earlier bibliometric studies, namely research leadership based on corresponding authorship, international collaboration using international co-authorship data, and field-normalized citation impact. Indicators at the level of countries are extracted from the SIR database created by SCImago Research Group from publication records indexed for Elsevier's Scopus. The relationship between authorship and citation-based indicators is found to be complex, as it reflects a country's phase of scientific development and the coverage policy of the database. Moreover, one should distinguish a genuine leadership effect from a purely statistical effect due to fractional counting. Further analyses at the level of institutions and qualitative validation studies are recommended.