Thermodynamic curvature of the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole and Bose condensation

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamic geometry of Schwarzschild-AdS black holes, revealing signs of Bose condensation and phase transitions through the behavior of the Ruppeiner scalar in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence.

Contribution

It introduces an analysis of the Ruppeiner scalar for black holes in AdS space, linking geometric properties to quantum phenomena like Bose condensation and phase transitions.

Findings

Negative R indicates attraction-like interactions in large black holes.

Approaching unity fugacity leads to negative R, signaling Bose condensation.

A second order critical point separates different thermodynamic regimes.

Abstract

In the AdS/CFT correspondence, a dynamical cosmological constant $\Lambda$ in the bulk corresponds to varying the number of colors $N$ in the boundary gauge theory with a chemical potential $\mu$ as its thermodynamic conjugate. In this work, within the context of Schwarzschild black holes in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ and its dual finite temperature $\mathcal{N}=4$ superconformal Yang-Mills theory at large $N$, we investigate thermodynamic geometry through the behavior of the Ruppeiner scalar $R$. The sign of $R$ is an empirical indicator of the nature of microscopic interactions and is found to be negative for the large black hole branch implying that its thermodynamic characteristics bear qualitative similarities with that of an attraction dominated system, such as an ideal gas of bosons. We find that as the system's fugacity approaches unity, $R$ takes increasingly negative values signifying long range correlations and strong quantum fluctuations signaling the onset of Bose condensation. On the other hand, $R$ for the small black hole branch is negative at low temperatures and positive at high temperatures with a second order critical point which roughly separates the two regions.