Quantum Computation

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of quantum computation, covering its principles, historical development, physical realization, algorithms, engineering challenges, and potential applications, with practical insights from IBM Quantum Experience.

Contribution

It offers a broad synthesis of quantum computation fundamentals, recent advancements, and real-world implementation insights, highlighting the interdisciplinary implications and engineering challenges.

Findings

Quantum algorithms differ significantly from classical ones.

Physical realization of qubits spans various systems like atoms and photons.

Practical quantum computing faces substantial engineering challenges.

Abstract

In this research notebook in the four-part, quantum computation and applications, quantum computation and algorithms, quantum communication protocol, and universal quantum computation for quantum engineers, researchers, and scientists, we will discuss and summarized the core principles and practical application areas of quantum computation. We first discuss the historical prospect from which quantum computing emerged from the early days of computing before the dominance of modern microprocessors. And the re-emergence of that quest with the sunset of Moore's law in the current decade. The mapping of computation onto the behavior of physical systems is a historical challenge vividly illustrate by considering how quantum bits may be realized with a wide variety of physical systems, spanning from atoms to photons, using semiconductors and superconductors. The computing algorithms also change with the underline variety of physical systems and the possibility of encoding the information in the quantum systems compared to the ordinary classical computers because of these new abilities afforded by quantum systems. We will also consider the emerging engineering, science, technology, business, and social implications of these advancements. We will describe a substantial difference between quantum and classical computation paradigm. After we will discuss and understand engineering challenges currently faced by developers of the real quantum computation system. We will evaluate the essential technology required for quantum computers to be able to function correctly. Later on, discuss the potential business application, which can be touch by these new computation capabilities. We utilize the IBM Quantum Experience to run the real-world problem, although on a small scale.