On the Origin and Evolution of Curvature of the Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi Bright Blazars

TL;DR

This study models the spectral energy distribution of blazars using a log-parabolic electron energy distribution, revealing different acceleration and cooling processes in FSRQs and BL Lac objects that influence their spectral curvature.

Contribution

It introduces a log-parabolic EED model to explain blazar SED curvature and distinguishes the spectral evolution mechanisms between FSRQs and BL Lac objects.

Findings

Log-parabolic IC model successfully explains all blazar emissions.

FSRQs have higher magnetic fields, Doppler factors, and curvature than BL Lacs.

BL Lacs show an anticorrelation between EED curvature and peak energy, indicating stochastic acceleration.

Abstract

The origin and evolution of spectral curvature in blazar spectral energy distribution (SED) is still unclear. Since the observed SED curvature is related to an intrinsic curvature in emitting electron energy distribution (EED), we study this question by employing a log-parabolic EED with a curvature parameter and peak energy to model the quasi-simultaneous broadband SEDs of selected blazars in Fermi-LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS) using synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) processes. We find that log-parabolic IC model can successfully explain the emission in all blazars in our sample. On average, FSRQs have higher magnetic field, Doppler factor, and curvature than BL Lac objects. The BL Lac objects show an anticorrelation between the curvature parameter of the EED and its peak energy, which is a signature of stochastic acceleration. FSRQs do not manifest such correlation and rather show a mild positive relationship between these parameters. This suggests that the evolution of spectral curvature in the BL Lac objects is dominated by a strong stochastic acceleration component, whereas the curvature in FSRQs evolves in a cooling dominated regime due to an additional external Compton (EC) component. The strong cooling in FSRQs not only restricts the electron peak energy but also adds extra curvature to the high energy tail of emitting EED. Since the curvature decreases from FSRQs toward high peak BL Lac objects (HBLs), opposite to peak energy, the curvature parameter can be considered a third parameter of the blazar sequence in addition to peak frequency and luminosity.