Theoretical prediction of presupernova neutrinos and their detection

TL;DR

This paper reviews the theoretical predictions and observational prospects of detecting pre-supernova neutrinos, which could provide early warnings of supernovae and insights into stellar evolution.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive summary of current theoretical models and observational techniques for pre-supernova neutrinos, highlighting recent progress and future potential.

Findings

Pre-SN neutrinos can be detected with current and upcoming neutrino detectors.

Detection of pre-SN neutrinos can serve as early supernova warnings.

Pre-SN neutrino observations can improve understanding of stellar evolution.

Abstract

Almost 30 years have passed since the successful detection of supernova neutrinos from SN 1987A. In the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in neutrino detection technique, through which it may be possible to detect neutrinos from a new source, pre-supernova (pre-SN) neutrinos. They are emitted from a massive star prior to core bounce. Because neutrinos escape from the core freely, they carry information about the stellar physics directly. Pre-SN neutrinos may play an important role in verifying our understanding of stellar evolution for massive stars. Observations of pre-SN neutrinos, moreover, may serve as an alarm regarding a supernova explosion a few days in advance if the progenitor is located in our vicinity, enabling us to observe the next galactic supernova. In this review, we summarize the current status of pre-SN neutrino studies from both of the theoretical and observational points of view.