Zero-bias current induced by periodic drive of any shape

TL;DR

This paper derives universal analytic expressions for time-dependent electron current through a quantum dot driven by periodic pulses of any shape, revealing transient and steady-state behaviors without Floquet expansion.

Contribution

It provides a novel, Floquet-free analytical framework for understanding current dynamics under arbitrary periodic drives in quantum dot systems.

Findings

Current follows a universal function of the external drive.

Transient and steady-state behaviors are described by the same function.

Results applicable to single-electron sources and laser-driven junctions.

Abstract

We investigate time-dependent electron current through a quantum dot under external drive (pulses), coupled to leads at zero bias. Simple analytic expressions for current, generated by periodic pulses of any shape, are obtained without any use of the Floquet expansion. We demonstrate that the current, follows a local quench, displays the transient and steady-state behavior, which are described by the same universal function of an external drive. The results are applied for an analysis of the current generated by rectangular and linear form pulses, in comparison with ultra-fast pulses of very high amplitude. Our results are also applicable for study of On-Demand Single-Electron sources and laser driven junctions.